Turniej w Polsce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland
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Capital of Poland
Warsaw is the sprawling capital of Poland. Its widely varied architecture reflects the city's long, turbulent history, from Gothic churches and neoclassical palaces to Soviet-era blocks and modern skyscrapers. As Poland’s cultural hub, Warsaw has a thriving nightlife and music scene, both classical and underground. After near-total destruction in WWII, Warsaw’s old town was faithfully restored to its pre-war appearance.
Poland
| Republic of Poland | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" (English: "Poland Is Not Yet Lost") | |
![Location of Poland (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EU-Poland.svg) Location of Poland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Warsaw 52°13′N 21°02′E |
| Official languages | Polish[1] |
| Recognised minority language | Kashubian |
| Ethnic groups(2011[2][3]) |
|
| Religion (2011[4]) |
|
| Demonym |
|
| Government | Unitary semi-presidentialrepublic |
| • President | Andrzej Duda |
| • Prime Minister | Mateusz Morawiecki |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | Sejm |
| Formation | |
| • Baptism of Poland[b] | 14 April 966 |
| • Kingdom of Poland | 18 April 1025 |
| • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | 1 July 1569 |
| • Partition of Poland | 24 October 1795 |
| • Duchy of Warsaw | 22 July 1807 |
| • Congress Poland | 9 June 1815 |
| • Second Polish Republic | 11 November 1918 |
| • Polish government-in-exile | 17 September 1939 |
| • Communist Poland | 8 April 1945 |
| • Third Polish Republic | 13 September 1989 |
| • Accession to theEuropean Union | 1 May 2004 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 312,679 km2(120,726 sq mi)[a] (69th) |
| • Water (%) | 3.07 |
| Population | |
| • 30 June 2017 estimate | 38,422,346[5] (35th) |
| • Density | 123/km2 (318.6/sq mi) (83rd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
| • Total | $1.193 trillion[6] (21st) |
| • Per capita | $31,430 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
| • Total | $614.190 billion[6] (23rd) |
| • Per capita | $16,179 |
| Gini (2014) |  32.08[7]medium |
| HDI (2015) |  0.855[8]very high · 36th |
| Currency | Polish złoty (PLN) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Drives on the | right |
| Calling code | +48 |
| ISO 3166 code | PL |
| Internet TLD | .pl |
| Website poland.pl | |
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Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (
listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska[a] [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] ( listen)), is a countrylocated in Central Europe.[11] It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.[9] With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union.[9] Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I,[12] ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system[13][14] which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Poles died in the war.[15][16] In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence.[17] In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, Poland reestablished itself as a democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union,[18][19]simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index.[20] Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe.[21] Poland is a developed[22] and democratic country, which maintains a high-income economy[23] along with very high standards of living, life quality,[24] safety, education and economic freedom.[25][26] According to the World Bank, Poland has a leading school educational system in Europe.[27][28] The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens.[29][30] Having an extensive history, Poland has developed a rich cultural heritage, including numerous historical monuments. It has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural.[31] Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.